Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To generate two genetically identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the state of the chromosomes after this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; chromosomes are replicated and consist of sister chromatids

Question 3

A plant cell is observed forming a cell plate during division. Which process is occurring, and what is the outcome?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis; two genetically identical daughter cells are produced

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for holding sister chromatids together before they are separated during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Centromere

Question 5

If a human cell has 46 chromosomes before DNA replication, how many chromatids will it have after the S phase?

Accepted Answer

92 chromatids

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the diploid chromosome number in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 7

Asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms results in offspring that are:

Accepted Answer

Genetically identical to the parent (clones)

Question 8

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes lining up at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 9

What is the function of histones in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They help package DNA into chromatin and chromosomes

Question 10

During anaphase of mitosis, what event occurs?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the ploidy of human gametes?

Accepted Answer

Haploid ($$n)$$

Question 12

A sea star can regenerate a lost arm through mitotic cell division. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitotic cell division?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes

Question 14

In which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend most of its lifetime, performing normal functions and preparing for division?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 15

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have the same sets of genes but may have different alleles

Question 16

What is the result of mitosis and cytokinesis in a diploid human cell?

Accepted Answer

Two diploid cells, each with 46 chromosomes

Question 17

Which event marks the transition from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Breaking of the centromere and separation of sister chromatids

Question 18

A mutation occurs during DNA replication in the S phase. Which of the following best describes the potential consequence for the daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Both daughter cells will have identical mutated DNA

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why eggs and sperm are haploid?

Accepted Answer

They contain only one set of chromosomes to ensure the correct chromosome number after fertilization

Question 20

During telophase in animal cells, what structure forms to separate the two daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage furrow

Cellular Reproduction and the Cell Cycle: Mitosis and Chromosome Dynamics

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