Question 1

Which of the following best explains why glycolysis is considered a universal pathway among living organisms?

Accepted Answer

It takes place in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen, allowing all life forms to perform it.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 4

What is the primary purpose of glycolysis in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH

Question 5

Which process directly produces ATP during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 6

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which pathway will it most likely use to generate ATP after glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 7

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 8

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the conversion of glucose to G3P during glycolysis. Which immediate effect would you expect in their cells?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ATP and NADH production from glycolysis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the fate of electrons removed from glucose during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

They are transferred to NAD+, forming NADH.

Question 10

Why is glycolysis considered an anaerobic process?

Accepted Answer

It produces ATP without the need for oxygen.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct comparison between the electron transport chains in photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Both generate ATP by creating a proton gradient across a membrane.

Question 12

A scientist is studying a mutant yeast strain that cannot perform substrate-level phosphorylation. Which stage of cellular respiration will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 13

In a scenario where a cell has abundant glucose but no oxygen, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The cell will continue glycolysis and switch to fermentation to regenerate NAD+.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the net ATP yield from glycolysis is less than the total ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Some ATP is used during the initial steps of glycolysis.

Question 15

Which molecule is the final product of glycolysis that enters the next stage of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 16

If a poison specifically inhibits the enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP in glycolysis, what would be the immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

ATP production via substrate-level phosphorylation would decrease.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a direct product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

FADH2

Question 18

A marathon runner's muscle cells are temporarily deprived of oxygen during a sprint. Which process allows ATP production to continue under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation following glycolysis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons to become NADH.

Cellular Respiration 01: Glycolysis – Study Notes

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