$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor, allowing electrons to flow down the electron transport chain and enabling ATP synthesis.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the overall chemical reaction for aerobic respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 4

Which process produces the majority of ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 5

What is the main function of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Transfers electrons from one reaction to another, becoming reduced to NADH

Question 6

Which of the following statements about fermentation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+ from NADH.

Question 7

In the electron transport chain, what is the primary consequence of electrons moving from carrier to carrier?

Accepted Answer

Protons ($$\mathrm{H^+}) $$are pumped across the membrane, creating a gradient used for ATP synthesis.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 9

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids to generate acetyl-CoA for the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Beta-oxidation

Question 10

A muscle cell is deprived of oxygen. Which process will allow it to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

It produces NADH and FADH$$_2$$ that feed electrons into the electron transport chain.

Question 12

What is the main reason why fats produce more ATP per gram than carbohydrates during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fats have more hydrogen atoms, providing more electrons for the electron transport chain.

Question 13

Which of the following is a product of alcohol fermentation by yeast?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide and ethanol

Question 14

During oxidative phosphorylation, what is the role of ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

Uses the proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about redox reactions in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Reduction is the gain of electrons and oxidation is the loss of electrons.

Question 16

Which step in cellular respiration produces the most NADH per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 17

If a cell uses sulfur instead of oxygen as the final electron acceptor, which process is it performing?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a possible end product of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 19

What is the main purpose of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To generate high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH$$_2) $$for the electron transport chain

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why glycolysis can occur in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis does not require oxygen and occurs in the cytoplasm, independent of mitochondria.

Cellular Respiration and Energy Production in Cells

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