Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP is used to transfer energy from catabolic to anabolic reactions, acting as an energy currency.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 32\ \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 4

Which process in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 5

What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a phosphorylated substrate.

Question 7

In the electron transport chain, what is the main function of the proton pumps?

Accepted Answer

To create an electrochemical gradient by moving protons into the intermembrane space

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is less efficient than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation produces only 2 ATP per glucose, while aerobic respiration can produce up to 32 ATP.

Question 9

Which molecule is reduced during the conversion of glucose to pyruvate in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 10

A muscle cell is rapidly using up oxygen during intense exercise. Which pathway will it use to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactate (acid) fermentation

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to acetyl-CoA and enters the citric acid cycle.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They act as electron carriers, donating electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is true?

Accepted Answer

It produces ATP, NADH, FADH2, and releases CO2 as a waste product.

Question 14

What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To transfer electrons to oxygen and use the released energy to pump protons, creating a gradient for ATP synthesis

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct summary of the products of glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP (net), 2 NADH

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is such an effective final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen has a high affinity for electrons and forms water when reduced.

Question 17

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits ATP synthase. Which of the following would be the most immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation would decrease dramatically.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation regenerates NAD+ so glycolysis can continue in the absence of an electron transport chain.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of alcohol fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Baking bread and brewing beer

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses a different inorganic molecule.

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: A Comprehensive Study Guide

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