$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing for the formation of water.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP and $$2$$ NADH

Question 3

Which process generates the majority of ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation powered by redox reactions in the electron transport chain

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of energy flow during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose $$\rightarrow$$ NADH (or FADH$$_2$$) $$\rightarrow$$ electron transport chain $$\rightarrow$$ proton-motive force $$\rightarrow$$ ATP

Question 5

Which of the following statements about fermentation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD$$^+ in $$the absence of oxygen.

Question 6

In the citric acid cycle, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA is oxidized; NAD$$^+$$ and FAD are reduced.

Question 7

A patient is suffering from a genetic defect that impairs the function of ATP synthase in mitochondria. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{Energy}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol fermentation produces ethanol and CO$$_2$$, while lactic acid fermentation produces lactate and no CO$$_2.$$

Question 10

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which process will continue to function and produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis coupled with fermentation

Question 11

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 12

What is the main purpose of the proton gradient established by the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

To drive the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why fats are excellent sources of energy for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fats have many hydrocarbon bonds, which are rich in high-energy electrons.

Question 14

A muscle cell is working hard and oxygen supply is limited. Which metabolic pathway will the cell primarily use to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 15

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 16

How many ATP molecules are produced from one NADH molecule during oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$$2.5$$ ATP

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 18

A cell is exposed to cyanide, which blocks the electron transport chain. What immediate effect will this have on ATP production?

Accepted Answer

ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation will stop.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis generates organic molecules and O$$_2$$, which are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about redox reactions in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation – Chapter 9 Study Notes

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