Q: Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration of glucose?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 2

During glycolysis, which of the following is produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate

Question 3

Which enzymes in glycolysis consume ATP to allow for the full transition of glucose to pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase and phosphofructokinase

Question 4

A patient with a genetic defect in the enzyme phosphofructokinase would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired glycolysis due to inability to phosphorylate fructose-6-phosphate

Question 5

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation produces less ATP than cellular respiration

Question 6

In the context of cancer metabolism, Dr. Wei Guo found that inhibiting a key enzyme in the alanine pathway led to reduced cancer cell growth. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells rely on alternative energy sources like alanine when glucose metabolism is altered

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why ATP is required in the early steps of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

ATP is used to phosphorylate glucose and fructose-6-phosphate, making them more reactive

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP to form ATP

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Question 10

A cell is placed in an environment lacking oxygen. Which pathway will the cell rely on to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis followed by fermentation

Question 11

Which of the following macromolecules can be used as substrates for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Question 12

If a cell needs to synthesize nucleotides for DNA replication, which metabolic pathway intermediate is most likely to be diverted for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

An intermediate from glycolysis or the citric acid cycle

Question 13

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

ATP binds to phosphofructokinase and inhibits its activity when ATP levels are high

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the four main processes of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, electron transport and chemiosmosis

Question 15

A mutation causes a cell to lack the enzyme pyruvate kinase. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to produce pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate, reducing ATP yield from glycolysis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cells must constantly produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Cells have limited ATP reserves and use ATP rapidly for cellular work

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of metabolic reprogramming in disease?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells using amino acids like alanine as alternative energy sources

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the regulation of metabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic pathways are regulated to maintain homeostasis even under changing environmental conditions

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fate of carbon atoms from glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They are released as $$CO_2$$ during pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: How Cells Harvest and Use Energy

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