Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between cellular respiration and fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while fermentation does not require oxygen.

Question 2

During glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$ 2 $$

Question 3

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$ O_2$ )$$

Question 4

What is the purpose of fermentation in cells?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD$$^+ so $$glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen

Question 5

Which of the following is a product of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) per turn?

Accepted Answer

$$ 1 $$ molecule of FADH$$_2$$

Question 6

How many ATP molecules are produced from one NADH molecule during oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$$ 3 $$

Question 7

Which step in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 8

What role does NAD$$^+$$ play in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The coupling of electron transport and ATP synthesis via a proton gradient across a membrane

Question 10

If a cell metabolizes one molecule of glucose completely through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, what is the maximum theoretical yield of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ 38 $$

Question 11

Which process must occur before pyruvate can enter the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA.

Question 12

During lactic acid fermentation, which molecule is reduced to form lactic acid?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

FADH$$_2$$

Question 14

In the electron transport chain, what is the main consequence of the transfer of electrons down to $$ O_2$ $$?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cells perform fermentation when oxygen is not available?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD$$^+ so $$glycolysis can continue

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Citric acid cycle → Electron transport chain

Question 17

How many molecules of NADH are produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$ 2 $$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about ATP synthase is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from a proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and $$ P_i .$$

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

It creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 20

If a cell receives electrons from NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$the electron transport chain, what is the immediate result?

Accepted Answer

Protons are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a gradient.

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Key Concepts and Processes

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