Q: During aerobic cellular respiration, what is the overall balanced chemical equation for the breakdown of glucose?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ \rightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + \text{Energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ functions as an electron shuttle, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Question 2

During aerobic cellular respiration, what is the overall balanced chemical equation for the breakdown of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ ightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + 	ext{Energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 3

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To pump protons (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a gradient used to synthesize ATP

Question 5

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows cells to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE about substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 7

A patient’s muscle cells are deprived of oxygen during intense exercise. Which metabolic pathway will be primarily used to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 8

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 9

How many net ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces NADH and FADH2, which carry electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 11

What is chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The use of a proton (H+) gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain with a final electron acceptor other than oxygen, while fermentation does not use an electron transport chain.

Question 13

Which of the following organisms can survive using either fermentation or aerobic respiration depending on oxygen availability?

Accepted Answer

Facultative anaerobes

Question 14

Why is glycolysis considered an ancient metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

It is found in nearly all organisms and occurs in the cytosol without requiring membrane-bound organelles.

Question 15

Which process connects catabolic and anabolic pathways by providing intermediates for biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 16

A mutation prevents the formation of acetyl CoA from pyruvate. Which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 18

In alcohol fermentation, what is the fate of pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to ethanol and CO2.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about ATP production is correct?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration produces about 32 ATP per glucose molecule, while fermentation produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule.

Question 20

Which metabolic pathway is used by brain neurons and why?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration, because neurons require high amounts of ATP and cannot survive without oxygen.

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Study Notes for General Biology

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