Question 1

In the energy diagram for a biological reaction, the transition state is labeled as A, the activation energy in the absence of an enzyme as B, and the activation energy in the presence of an enzyme as C. Which equation best represents the effect of an enzyme on activation energy ($$E_a$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{a,enzyme} \u003c E_{a,control}$$

Question 2

In the mitochondrion, the processing of ADP to produce ATP is primarily dependent on which process?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 3

The active site is the specific region in an enzyme where a substrate binds. Which of the following best describes this interaction?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme, substrate

Question 4

Which type of energy is stored in the C-H bonds of a glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy

Question 5

Which statement best describes feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

It uses the reaction product to regulate its own further production.

Question 6

In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme. How does this prevent substrate binding?

Accepted Answer

By changing the conformation of the active site.

Question 7

Which field of study specifically deals with the heat changes that occur during chemical reactions and physical changes?

Accepted Answer

Thermochemistry

Question 8

The majority of spontaneous reactions in biological systems tend to ______ the entropy ($$S) of $$the system.

Accepted Answer

increase

Question 9

Anabolism is the formation of complex compounds. What is catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of complex compounds

Question 10

Which of the following factors can affect the activity of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 11

Where does pyruvate oxidation occur within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 12

Which process provides energy in the form of ATP to nearly all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 13

Select the correct order of the stages in cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation.

Question 14

Given the following descriptions, which are features of oxidative and substrate-level phosphorylation?
M. Substrate-level phosphorylation produces more ATP
N. Oxidative phosphorylation produces less energy
O. ATP is formed during glycolysis through substrate-level phosphorylation
P. The exact mechanism of ATP formation in oxidative phosphorylation is chemiosmosis

Accepted Answer

M, N, O, and P

Question 15

How can we distinguish an oxidizing agent in a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

It loses electrons

Question 16

During lactic acid fermentation, lactate is synthesized from pyruvate via the use of _____ as a reducing agent.

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 17

Identify the option that includes all the reactions of the Krebs cycle during which oxidative decarboxylation occurs:
M. oxaloacetate to citrate
N. citrate to alpha-ketoglutarate
O. alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA
P. oxaloacetate to fumarate
Q. fumarate to malate
R. malate to oxaloacetate

Accepted Answer

N and O

Question 18

The hypothesis that bacterial cultures from deep surfaces produce magnetite and perform cellular respiration is supported by which evidence?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria treated with drugs that inhibit enzymes of the electron transport chain failed to produce magnetite

Question 19

Chemiosmosis is a pathway of ATP production that utilizes a proton gradient. Since $$H^+$$ ions cannot freely pass the phospholipid bilayered membrane, they move down their concentration gradient with the help of hydrophilic tunnels called:

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 20

Which of the following options correctly includes all the products of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate, ATP and NADH

Cellular Respiration, Enzyme Function, and Bioenergetics: Study Notes for General Biology

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