Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall chemical reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Q: What is the efficiency of cellular respiration in converting the energy from glucose into ATP, given the following data: hydrolysis of ATP yields $$31\ \text{kJ/mol}$$, $$38$$ ATP produced per glucose, and oxidation of glucose contains $$2870\ \text{kJ/mol} of $$energy?

$$\frac{1178}{2870} \times 100 \approx 41\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 2

During glycolysis, glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) is converted into which molecule, and how many carbon atoms does it contain?

Accepted Answer

Two molecules of pyruvate, each with 3 carbon atoms.

Question 3

Which process in cellular respiration directly produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

What is the main purpose of the proton (H$$^+) $$gradient created by the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To drive the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the overall chemical reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 6

In the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA combines with which molecule to form citrate?

Accepted Answer

Oxaloacetate

Question 7

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate.

Question 8

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which process will continue to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 9

Which of the following is a product of lactic acid fermentation in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Question 10

A marathon runner relies primarily on which metabolic pathway to sustain muscle activity over long distances?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative metabolism

Question 11

Which molecule acts as an electron carrier, transferring electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 12

What is the efficiency of cellular respiration in converting the energy from glucose into ATP, given the following data: hydrolysis of ATP yields $$31\ 	ext{kJ/mol}$$, $$38$$ ATP produced per glucose, and oxidation of glucose contains $$2870\ 	ext{kJ/mol} of $$energy?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1178}{2870} 	imes 100 \approx 41\%$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is less efficient than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation produces fewer ATP because it does not utilize the electron transport chain.

Question 14

What is the immediate result of hydrogen ions (H$$^+) $$being pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a proton gradient

Question 15

Which of the following statements about facultative anaerobes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They can switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration depending on oxygen availability.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating the passage of large molecules through membranes without transport proteins

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of energy flow during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose $$\rightarrow$$ NADH $$\rightarrow$$ electron transport chain $$\rightarrow$$ proton-motive force $$\rightarrow$$ ATP

Question 18

Which of the following statements about ATP is true?

Accepted Answer

ATP is highly unstable and is not stored but made on demand.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of lactic acid fermentation in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Rapid muscle fatigue due to toxic buildup of lactate

Cellular Respiration: Mechanisms and Importance (Chapter 7 Study Notes)

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