Q: What is the percentage of energy recovered from aerobic respiration, given that glucose yields 686 kcal/mol and all ATP produced yields 270 kcal/mol?

$$\frac{270}{686} \times 100 \approx 39\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To create a proton gradient by transferring electrons from NADH and FADH$$_2 to $$oxygen

Question 2

During oxidative phosphorylation, what is the ultimate electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 3

What is the main function of ATP synthase in the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize ATP from ADP and $$P_i$$ using the energy from the proton gradient

Question 4

If a poison blocks the flow of electrons through Complex IV of the ETC, which of the following would be the most immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

Proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane would dissipate

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 6

Approximately how many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose during electron transport phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

32

Question 7

What is the percentage of energy recovered from aerobic respiration, given that glucose yields 686 kcal/mol and all ATP produced yields 270 kcal/mol?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{270}{686} 	imes 100 \approx 39\%$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the movement of H$$^+$$ through ATP synthase is necessary for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

It provides the energy needed to phosphorylate ADP

Question 9

In the context of chemiosmosis, what would happen if the inner mitochondrial membrane became permeable to protons?

Accepted Answer

ATP production would decrease significantly

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Electrons from NADH and FADH$$_2$$ are transferred through the ETC, protons are pumped into the intermembrane space, ATP is synthesized as protons flow back through ATP synthase

Question 11

Which molecule is reduced at the end of the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 12

If a mutation caused ATP synthase to lose its ability to bind ADP, what would be the most direct consequence?

Accepted Answer

ATP production would cease

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 14

What would happen to the rate of ATP production if oxygen supply to the mitochondria was suddenly cut off?

Accepted Answer

ATP production would rapidly decrease

Question 15

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of protons down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase to generate ATP

Question 16

If the energy yield per ATP is 7.5 kcal/mol, how many ATP molecules are produced from 270 kcal/mol?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{270}{7.5} = 36$$

Question 17

Which process in cellular respiration is most similar to the light reactions in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 18

Why do plants lose a lot of ATP energy when they perform the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Because the Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon, which is energetically costly

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely result from a defect in Complex I of the ETC?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ATP production due to decreased proton pumping

Question 20

In a patient with mitochondrial disease affecting ATP synthase, which symptom would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Muscle weakness due to decreased ATP availability

Cellular Respiration: Oxidative Phosphorylation & Chemiosmosis

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