Q: What is the correct overall equation for cellular respiration, as depicted in the image, using molecular formulas?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced in the overall equation for cellular respiration shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized; oxygen is reduced.

Question 2

What is the correct overall equation for cellular respiration, as depicted in the image, using molecular formulas?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 3

During cellular respiration, which process produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

Which stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 5

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It functions as an oxidizing agent, accepting electrons during redox reactions.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The use of a proton (H+) gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase.

Question 7

How many net ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 8

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 9

What is the main difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the production of carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO_2$}) $$that you exhale?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle and pyruvate oxidation

Question 11

Why is glycolysis considered an 'ancient process'?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the cytosol and does not require membrane-bound organelles or oxygen.

Question 12

Which type of organism can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Facultative anaerobes

Question 13

What is the net production of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 per glucose molecule in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

Question 14

Which metabolic pathway is inhibited when ATP and citrate are in excess?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 15

What is beta oxidation?

Accepted Answer

The process by which fatty acids are broken down to produce acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2.

Question 16

Which type of molecule produces more ATP per gram when oxidized: carbohydrates or fats?

Accepted Answer

Fats

Question 17

During strenuous exercise, human muscle cells generate ATP by lactic acid fermentation. What happens to the lactate produced?

Accepted Answer

It is taken up by the liver and converted to glucose.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses substrate-level phosphorylation to generate ATP.

Question 19

What is the efficiency of cellular respiration in converting the energy in glucose to ATP?

Accepted Answer

34%

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why your body gives off heat during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Some energy from glucose is lost as heat during the conversion to ATP.

Cellular Respiration: Pathways, Mechanisms, and Metabolic Connections

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