Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the law of conservation of energy as it applies to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy can only be converted from one form to another, not created or destroyed.

Question 2

A muscle cell uses ATP to contract a muscle fiber. Which type of work is being performed?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical work

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 4

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solute than inside the cell. What type of solution is this, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will shrink.

Question 5

Which process requires the direct input of energy, usually from ATP, to move molecules across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why humans can only use about 34% of the energy from food for useful work?

Accepted Answer

The rest of the energy is lost as heat during chemical reactions.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct definition of a calorie?

Accepted Answer

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

Question 8

A scientist adds a molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding. What is this molecule called?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitor

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as an energy shuttle, transferring energy from food to cellular work.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios is an example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering a cell through a specific membrane protein channel.

Question 12

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will become turgid as water enters, but will not burst due to the cell wall.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They form a double layer that acts as a barrier between the cell and its environment.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism is the total of all chemical reactions in an organism.

Question 15

A cell needs to move sodium ions from a low concentration outside the cell to a high concentration inside the cell. Which process will it use?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape and chemistry that fits only specific substrates.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A cell releasing hormones into the bloodstream via vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes entropy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Entropy is the measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of phosphate transfer by ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

It enables the transport of ions and other dissolved substances across membranes.

Question 20

A patient is given a drug that acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme. What effect will this drug have?

Accepted Answer

It will bind to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and reducing its activity.

Cellular Structures, Energy, and Membrane Transport: Core Concepts in General Biology

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