Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy, often from ATP hydrolysis ($$ \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} ).$$

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Allowing the passage of ions such as Na$$^+$$ and K$$^+.$$

Question 3

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. What type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 4

Which statement correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus containing DNA, while prokaryotic cells have DNA in a nucleoid region.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Which of the following statements about endocytosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where cells engulf solid particles.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis ($$ 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 )$$

Question 8

During cellular respiration, which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen ($$ \mathrm{O}_2 ) in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water ($$ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ).$$

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the oxidation of glucose and the release of energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration ($$ \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy} )$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about ATP synthase is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase uses the energy from a proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate ($$ \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP} ).$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$ \mathrm{O}_2 )$$

Question 13

Which statement best explains why plants need both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, while cellular respiration releases that energy for cellular work.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to fix carbon dioxide ($$ \mathrm{CO}_2 ) $$into glucose.

Question 15

A mutation disables the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ ATPase pump in a neuron. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The neuron will be unable to generate action potentials due to loss of ion gradients.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of oxidation and reduction?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the endomembrane system for a secreted protein?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis in the rough ER → modification in the Golgi apparatus → transport in vesicles → secretion from the cell

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of cellular respiration in muscle cells during exercise?

Accepted Answer

An increase in ADP concentration

Question 19

Which of the following is a difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy ($$ \Delta G  0 ).$$

Cellular Transport, Cell Structure, and Metabolism: Study Guide

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