Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As a cell increases in size, its volume grows proportionately more than its surface area, which can limit the rate of exchange of materials across the plasma membrane.

Question 2

A scientist wants to study the internal structure of mitochondria in detail. Which type of microscope should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM), because it passes electrons through thin sections of the specimen to reveal internal structures.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A cell is observed to have DNA in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A mutation disrupts the function of ribosomes in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and poisons, and stores calcium ions

Question 8

According to the endosymbiont theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain free ribosomes and circular DNA, and are enveloped by a double membrane.

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the calculation for the surface area of a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$6l^2$$

Question 10

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which structure helps prevent the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 11

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 12

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily involved in muscle contraction and cytoplasmic streaming?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

Question 15

A cell is unable to detoxify alcohol and other harmful compounds. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It is made up of glycoproteins such as collagen and proteoglycans, and helps coordinate cellular activities.

Question 17

Which process is most directly associated with the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy and digestion of macromolecules

Question 18

A mutation causes a cell to lack integrin proteins. Which cellular function would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of ECM proteins to the plasma membrane

Question 19

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER – synthesis of glycoproteins

Question 20

A cell is observed to have vesicles moving along tracks powered by ATP. Which cytoskeletal structure is most likely involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Chapter 06: A Tour of the Cell – Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드