Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main functions of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Transportation, protection, and regulation

Question 2

A centrifuged sample of whole blood separates into three layers. Which layer contains the majority of plasma proteins, and what is its approximate percentage of total blood volume?

Accepted Answer

The top layer; about 55%

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining the osmotic balance of blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with anemia due to a lack of intrinsic factor. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is so dangerous?

Accepted Answer

CO binds to hemoglobin with a much greater affinity than oxygen, preventing oxygen transport.

Question 6

Which of the following white blood cells is most abundant and acts as the first responder to infection by performing phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 7

A person with type AB blood can safely receive red blood cells from which of the following blood types?

Accepted Answer

A, B, AB, and O

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback mechanism that regulates red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygen levels stimulate the kidneys to release erythropoietin, which increases red blood cell production.

Question 9

A patient with hemolytic anemia is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of red blood cells exceeds production, leading to fatigue and paleness.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the role of platelets in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

They aggregate at the site of injury, release chemicals to attract more platelets, and help form a platelet plug.

Question 11

A person with type O negative blood is considered a universal donor for red blood cell transfusions. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Type O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so it does not trigger an immune response in recipients.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the formation of a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Vessel constriction → Platelet plug formation → Activation of clotting factors → Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 13

A woman with Rh-negative blood is pregnant with an Rh-positive baby. What is the risk if she is not treated with RhoGAM?

Accepted Answer

Her immune system may produce anti-Rh antibodies that can cross the placenta and destroy the baby's red blood cells in subsequent pregnancies.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of B lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

They give rise to plasma cells that produce antibodies.

Question 15

A patient is found to have a deficiency in vitamin K. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired synthesis of prothrombin, leading to difficulty forming blood clots.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics can sometimes lead to problems with blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics can kill intestinal bacteria that produce vitamin K, which is necessary for clotting factor synthesis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of sickle-cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells become rigid and sickle-shaped under low oxygen conditions, leading to vessel blockage.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of monocytes after they leave the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

They develop into macrophages that engulf microbes and debris.

Question 19

A patient with leukemia is likely to experience which of the following symptoms due to the disease's effect on bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Anemia, increased infections, and inadequate clotting

Chapter 11: Blood – Structure, Function, Disorders, and Blood Types

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