Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes Mendel's 'particulate' hypothesis of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes) that retain their separate identities in offspring.

Question 2

In Mendel's classic monohybrid cross between true-breeding purple-flowered and white-flowered pea plants, what was the observed phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.

Question 4

A plant with genotype $$Pp ($$where $$P is $$dominant for purple flowers and $$p is $$recessive for white flowers) is crossed with a plant with genotype $$pp. $$What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1$$ purple : $$1$$ white

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink offspring.

Question 6

If a heterozygous individual for two genes ($$YyRr) is $$crossed with another heterozygous individual ($$YyRr$$), what is the probability of producing an offspring with genotype $$yyrr$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple phenotypic traits.

Question 8

In Labrador retrievers, coat color is determined by two genes. One gene determines pigment color (B = black, b = brown), and another gene determines whether pigment is deposited (E = color, e = no color). What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation from a cross between two BbEe dogs?

Accepted Answer

$$9$$ black : $$3$$ chocolate : $$4$$ yellow

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color, which is controlled by multiple genes.

Question 10

A woman with blood type AB ($$I^A I^B) $$has a child with a man who has blood type O ($$ii). $$What are the possible blood types of their children?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the physical appearance.

Question 12

A testcross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. Which of the following results would indicate that the individual is heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

Some offspring display the recessive phenotype.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

It applies only to genes located on different, nonhomologous chromosomes or those far apart on the same chromosome.

Question 14

A couple, both carriers for albinism (a recessive trait), have a child. What is the probability that the child will have albinism?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of multifactorial inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A person’s risk for heart disease is influenced by both their genes and their diet.

Question 16

If a trait is determined by a dominant allele, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The trait will be expressed in both homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype of the heterozygote.

Question 18

A man with achondroplasia (a dominant disorder, genotype Dd) and a woman of normal stature (dd) have children. What is the probability that their child will have achondroplasia?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of heterozygote advantage?

Accepted Answer

Individuals heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele are resistant to malaria.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why dominant alleles are not always more common in a population than recessive alleles?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles can be rare if they result in a disadvantage or disease.

Chapter 14 – Mendel and the Gene Idea: Principles of Inheritance

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