Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system in humans?

Accepted Answer

To receive sensory input, interpret it, and generate appropriate responses

Question 2

Which type of neuron is responsible for carrying signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Question 3

Which supporting cell type is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

The sodium-potassium pump helps maintain the resting membrane potential of a neuron. Which of the following best describes its action?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na$$^+$$ ions out of the cell and 2 K$$^+$$ ions into the cell

Question 5

During the action potential, what event occurs immediately after the membrane potential reaches threshold?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels open, causing rapid depolarization

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why action potentials travel faster in myelinated axons compared to unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons (saltatory conduction)

Question 7

A patient is given a drug that blocks acetylcholine receptors at synapses. What is the most likely effect on neural communication?

Accepted Answer

Decreased transmission of nerve impulses across synapses

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a step in the knee-jerk reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Brain interprets the signal before the muscle contracts

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the central nervous system and is often targeted by anti-anxiety drugs?

Accepted Answer

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It selectively restricts the passage of certain substances from the blood into the brain

Question 11

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 12

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which sequence correctly describes the order of neural events?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron → muscle

Question 13

Which area of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential of a neuron is typically around $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is more permeable to K$$^+$$ than Na$$^+$$, and the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ pump maintains the gradient

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about synaptic integration?

Accepted Answer

It is the summation of excitatory and inhibitory signals at the postsynaptic neuron

Question 16

Which evolutionary trend is observed in the development of animal nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Increase in cephalization and centralization

Question 17

A patient has damage to the somatosensory cortex. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Processing of sensory information from the skin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of body language in human communication?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary mode of communication, accounting for over 50%

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a drug acting at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines enhancing the effect of GABA at inhibitory synapses

Question 20

If a mutation caused voltage-gated K$$^+$$ channels to remain open longer than normal during an action potential, what would be the most likely effect on the neuron's membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The neuron would experience a greater hyperpolarization (undershoot)

Chapter 28: Nervous System - Structure, Function, and Evolution

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드