Q: What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

$$6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{sunlight} \rightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketose has a carbonyl group within the carbon chain.

Question 2

Which formula represents the general structure of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{(CH_2O)_n}$$

Question 3

Glucose can exist in both linear and ring forms. What chemical interaction is responsible for the formation of the ring structure?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond forms between the carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group on the same molecule.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide formed by a glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

Maltose

Question 5

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of hydrogen bonds between parallel strands of a polysaccharide. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 6

Which polysaccharide is primarily used for energy storage in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why dietary fiber is important for digestive health?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides with glycosidic linkages that are not easily broken down provide bulk and aid in digestion.

Question 8

Which process describes how plants store energy from sunlight in the bonds of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 9

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{sunlight} ightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 10

Which molecule is a key component in cell recognition and signaling, such as in ABO blood groups?

Accepted Answer

Glycolipids

Question 11

A researcher isolates a carbohydrate with the formula $$\mathrm{C_5H_{10}O_5$}. $$What type of monosaccharide is this?

Accepted Answer

Pentose

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a structural polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 13

Which statement best describes the complementary relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, while cellular respiration releases energy from sugars.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of a glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.

Question 15

Which carbohydrate is found in the exoskeletons of insects and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 16

A mutation prevents the synthesis of peptidoglycan in a bacterium. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The bacterium will have a weakened cell wall and may lyse.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzymes to break the $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of carbohydrate-based cell identification?

Accepted Answer

ABO blood group antigens on red blood cells

Question 19

During cellular respiration, what is the main purpose of breaking down glucose?

Accepted Answer

To produce ATP for cellular work

Question 20

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Chapter 5: Carbohydrates – Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

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