Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process by which monomers are joined to form polymers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

By dehydration reaction, which removes a water molecule to form a new bond between monomers.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of their glycogen. Which of the following is most likely to be impaired as a result?

Accepted Answer

Long-term energy storage in animal cells

Question 4

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not made from monomers joined by covalent bonds in a repeating pattern.

Question 6

A triglyceride is formed by combining which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

Question 7

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, making them solid at room temperature.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 9

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein, resulting in sickle cell disease. This is an example of how:

Accepted Answer

A change in primary structure can affect the protein's function and cause disease.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of chaperonins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Assisting in the proper folding of newly synthesized proteins

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded, while RNA contains ribose sugar and is usually single-stranded.

Question 12

Which of the following base pairs are correctly matched in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine with Thymine, Guanine with Cytosine

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions, with one running 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'.

Question 14

Which of the following is a pyrimidine base found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine

Question 15

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$. Which class of biomolecule does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the structural difference between cellulose and starch, and how this affects their function?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose has $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages, making it rigid and suitable for structural support, while starch has $$\alpha-1$$,4 linkages, making it digestible and suitable for energy storage.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other with the loss of a water molecule.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Forming the main structural component of cell membranes

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a polypeptide and a protein?

Accepted Answer

A polypeptide is a linear chain of amino acids, while a protein is one or more polypeptides folded into a functional shape.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Chapter 5 Study Guide: Organic Molecules and Their Functions in Biology

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