Question 1

Which of the following best explains why most eukaryotic cells are much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions, allowing them to maintain efficiency at larger sizes.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following characteristics: a nucleoid region, circular DNA, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane, but no membrane-bound organelles. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum and contains nuclear pores that regulate the passage of molecules.

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of microvilli in intestinal epithelial cells. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced surface area for absorption, leading to less efficient nutrient uptake.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry out protein synthesis by translating mRNA into polypeptides.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have an extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria perform cellular respiration, while chloroplasts perform photosynthesis.

Question 8

According to the endosymbiont theory, which of the following is evidence that supports the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from prokaryotic ancestors?

Accepted Answer

They both contain circular DNA and ribosomes similar to those of bacteria.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded into cristae?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for enzymes involved in cellular respiration, enhancing ATP production.

Question 10

A plant cell is observed to have a large central vacuole. Which of the following is NOT a function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components.

Question 12

A genetic disorder causes a defect in the microtubules of cilia and flagella. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed in affected individuals?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty clearing mucus from the respiratory tract and reduced sperm motility

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA

Question 14

A researcher is studying a cell that contains peroxisomes. Which reaction is most likely to occur in these organelles?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a high number of ribosomes attached to its rough ER. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of large amounts of protein

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between surface area (SA) and volume (V) for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4\pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cells with a higher surface area-to-volume ratio are more efficient at exchanging materials with their environment?

Accepted Answer

A higher ratio means there is more membrane surface available per unit of volume for diffusion.

Question 19

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell – General Biology Study Notes

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