Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells lack one.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following features: a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, a cell wall, and supercoiled DNA, but no internal membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell is synthesized on which cellular structure?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

Which process delivers extracellular material to lysosomes for digestion in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 6

If a protein lacks an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal sequence, according to the signal hypothesis, what is its most likely fate?

Accepted Answer

It is released into the cytosol.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing fatty acids and breaking down poisonous lipids in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

A mutation prevents the addition of a phosphorylated sugar tag to a lysosomal protein. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be secreted from the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the rough ER.

Question 10

Which organelle contains enzymes that oxidize very long fatty acid chains and is especially important in plant cells for converting fats to energy?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall made of cellulose, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 13

Which organelle is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 14

A protein with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) is synthesized in the cytosol. What is its final destination?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship between the surface area ($$SA) $$and volume ($$V) of a $$spherical cell with radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of autophagy in human cells?

Accepted Answer

A liver cell recycling damaged mitochondria

Question 17

Which organelle is most likely to be abundant in pancreatic cells that export digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain extensive internal membranes that increase surface area for chemical reactions.

Question 19

A protein is synthesized on a free ribosome and contains an amino-terminal signal sequence. Where is it most likely to be transported?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria or chloroplasts

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins synthesized in the rough ER are processed in the Golgi apparatus before reaching their final destination.

Chapter 7: Inside the Cell – Structure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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