Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain multiple membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions, enabling them to maintain larger cell volumes.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new unicellular organism with DNA coiled in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the hydrolysis of macromolecules and export of monomers to the cytosol, and what is the optimal pH for its enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome; $$pH = 5.0$$

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of signal sequences on proteins destined for secretion. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in liver cells exposed to high levels of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of alcohol via redox reactions

Question 6

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole filled with water and ions. What is the most likely function of this vacuole?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining turgor pressure to support cell structure

Question 7

Which of the following processes is used by lysosomes to digest damaged organelles within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 8

A patient has a genetic disorder resulting in the absence of a specific acid hydrolase in lysosomes. What is the most likely cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal build-up of certain macromolecules within the cell

Question 9

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have DNA in a nucleoid region.

Question 10

Which organelle is the site of ATP production via cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

A cell is observed to have thylakoids arranged in stacks called grana. What process occurs in this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 12

Which of the following best supports the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Question 14

A plant cell is exposed to a predator. Which vacuole function helps protect the cell from being eaten?

Accepted Answer

Storage of noxious compounds that deter predators

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the transport mechanism used by lysosomes to maintain their acidic internal pH?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport

Question 16

A protein destined for the nucleus contains a nuclear localization signal. Where is this protein synthesized and where does it go?

Accepted Answer

Synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the nucleus

Question 17

Which of the following proteins would be synthesized by ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Insulin, which is secreted from the cell

Question 18

Cholesterol is transported through the blood inside vesicles made of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Receptors on liver cells bind to HDLs and remove them from the blood. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following macromolecules is NOT primarily used for energy storage in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 20

Which structure in plant, fungal, and algal cells provides structural support by embedding carbohydrate fibers in a stiff matrix?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Chapter 7: Inside the Cell – Structure and Function of Cells

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드