Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells possess membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions, allowing for increased cell size.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new unicellular organism with DNA located in a nucleoid region, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane, but no membrane-bound organelles. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the hydrolysis of macromolecules and works best at a pH of 5.0?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 4

A liver cell is exposed to high levels of alcohol. Which organelle will increase its activity to detoxify the alcohol, and what type of reaction will it perform?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome; reduction-oxidation (redox)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes and processes proteins destined for secretion or for use in the cell membrane.

Question 6

A mutation prevents the formation of signal sequences on proteins. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of proteins to their correct cellular destinations

Question 7

Which process allows a cell to engulf large particles, such as bacteria, by forming a vesicle from the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 8

A plant cell stores orange pigment in a large, membrane-bound structure. What is this structure called, and what is its additional function?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole; maintains turgor pressure

Question 9

Which of the following is evidence supporting the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a stiff outer structure composed of carbohydrate fibers embedded in a matrix. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Fungal cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It organizes organelles, provides structural stability, and aids in cell movement.

Question 12

A deficiency in a lysosomal enzyme leads to the accumulation of undigested molecules in the cell. Which disease mechanism does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal build-up due to defective hydrolysis

Question 13

Which of the following macromolecules is NOT primarily used for energy storage in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 14

Which organelle is the site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells, and what is the name of the process?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria; cellular respiration

Question 15

A protein destined for secretion from the cell is synthesized by ribosomes attached to which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Which of the following transport mechanisms is used by lysosomes to maintain their acidic internal pH?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport

Question 17

During autophagy, which sequence of events occurs in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Portions of cytoplasm and organelles are enclosed, forming an autophagosome that fuses with a lysosome for digestion.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the flow of proteins through the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → vesicle → destination

Question 19

A cell is observed to have DNA coiled in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. Which of the following is true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a prokaryotic cell.

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of ATP production in mitochondria during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Chapter 7: Inside the Cell – Structure and Function of Cells

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