Question 1

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

In a prokaryotic cell, where is the genetic material primarily located?

Accepted Answer

In the nucleoid region

Question 3

Which structure in prokaryotic cells is responsible for conferring resistance to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids

Question 4

What is the main function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 5

Which organelle is abundant in liver cells that produce and secrete large amounts of protein hormones?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell will follow which correct order of organelles?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 7

What is the role of the nuclear pore complexes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the transport of specific molecules in and out of the nucleus.

Question 8

Which cytoskeletal filament is primarily responsible for cell movement and muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 9

A mutation prevents the addition of the ER signal sequence to a protein. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will remain in the cytosol.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in the secretory pathway?

Accepted Answer

It sorts and modifies proteins before they are sent to their final destination.

Question 11

Which equation best represents the conversion of energy in photosynthetic prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 12

Which structure acts as an 'exoskeleton' barrier in prokaryotic cells, providing protection and shape?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 13

If a eukaryotic cell lacked functional microtubules, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome separation during cell division

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Producing ATP via cellular respiration

Question 15

A scientist observes a cell with abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum. What is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid and steroid synthesis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are able to grow much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They compartmentalize functions into organelles.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a protein with an ER signal sequence?

Accepted Answer

Insulin produced by pancreatic cells

Question 18

Which cytoskeletal component provides mechanical strength to the cell and helps maintain its shape?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 19

A mutation in the gene encoding a protein's 'molecular zip code' prevents its proper targeting. What is the most likely cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be mislocalized and may not function correctly.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the journey of a secreted protein from synthesis to export in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesized in the cytosol, enters the rough ER, modified in the Golgi apparatus, transported in vesicles to the plasma membrane

Chapter 7: Inside the Cell – Structure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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