Question 1

Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics as it applies to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 2

A cell uses ATP to transport ions against their concentration gradient. Which type of work is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Transport work

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about catabolic and anabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules.

Question 5

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down and energy is released. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A catabolic, exergonic reaction

Question 6

Which of the following is true about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy barrier, speeding up reactions.

Question 7

A reaction has a $$\Delta G of -7.3 $$kcal/mol. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is spontaneous and releases free energy.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why living cells never reach metabolic equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Cells constantly allow materials to flow in and out, preventing equilibrium.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of energy coupling in cells?

Accepted Answer

The use of ATP hydrolysis to drive the synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid and ammonia.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibition is correct?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site and block substrate binding.

Question 11

A scientist adds more substrate to a solution containing a saturated enzyme. What will happen to the reaction rate?

Accepted Answer

The reaction rate will remain the same.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway acts as an allosteric inhibitor of an enzyme early in the pathway.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a way that enzymes lower activation energy?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the temperature of the reaction

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the ATP cycle in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy that can be used for cellular work.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the evolution of complex organisms does not violate the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The total entropy of the system and surroundings increases, even if local entropy decreases.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about spontaneous processes?

Accepted Answer

They increase the entropy of the universe.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the induced fit model of enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape to better fit the substrate upon binding.

Question 18

Which of the following environmental factors can affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

It proceeds with a net release of free energy.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of energy transformation in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A bear eating a fish and using the chemical energy to run, releasing heat and metabolic waste.

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism – Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제