Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between binary fission in prokaryotes and mitosis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission does not involve a mitotic spindle or nuclear envelope breakdown, while mitosis does.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the state of the chromatin during this phase?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication occurs during S phase, and the chromatin is loosely packed (euchromatin).

Question 3

A researcher observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, attached to spindle fibers from opposite poles. Which phase of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why cytokinesis is different in plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells form a cell plate due to the presence of a rigid cell wall, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow.

Question 5

A mutation causes a cell to bypass the G1 checkpoint even when DNA is damaged. What is the most likely consequence of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

The cell may replicate damaged DNA, increasing the risk of cancer.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about sister chromatids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome joined at the centromere after DNA replication.

Question 7

Which checkpoint is generally considered the most important for preventing uncontrolled cell division, and why?

Accepted Answer

The G1 checkpoint, because it determines whether the cell will proceed to DNA synthesis or enter G0.

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a single, circular chromosome attached to the plasma membrane at a specific site. Which process will this cell most likely use to divide?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of microtubules during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They attach to kinetochores and help separate sister chromatids during anaphase.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor. Which of the following statements best describes what may happen if the tumor metastasizes?

Accepted Answer

The tumor cells will spread to distant organs and form new tumors.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of chromosomes ($$n) $$and chromatids ($$c) in a $$human somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

n = 46, c = 92

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of tumor suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

They repair DNA damage and inhibit cell cycle progression when necessary.

Question 13

A cell is observed in the G0 phase. Which of the following is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is in a non-dividing, quiescent state.

Question 14

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.

Question 15

A scientist is studying a cell that has just completed S phase. Which of the following best describes the state of its DNA?

Accepted Answer

Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why loss of cell cycle control can lead to cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cells divide uncontrollably, forming masses that can invade other tissues.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between somatic and gametic cells in humans?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are produced by mitosis, while gametic cells are produced by meiosis.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the centrosome during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It organizes the microtubules that form the mitotic spindle.

Question 19

A cell is observed to have chromosomes decondensing and two nuclear envelopes forming. Which phase of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of proto-oncogenes in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They encode proteins that stimulate normal cell division in response to growth signals.

Chapter 9: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Study Guide

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