Question 1

Which statement best describes the Law of Conservation of Matter as it applies to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Matter can be rearranged but cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 2

A molecule of water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) $$always contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. What property does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Fixed ratio of elements in a compound

Question 3

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 4

What is an emergent property in the context of chemistry and biology?

Accepted Answer

A new property that arises when elements combine to form compounds.

Question 5

Sodium (Na) is a highly reactive metal and chlorine (Cl) is a poisonous gas. When combined, they form table salt ($$\mathrm{NaCl}$$), which is safe to eat. What concept does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Emergent properties

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a trace element in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium (Mg)

Question 7

If a compound is formed by combining two elements in a fixed ratio, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The compound will have a unique set of properties different from its constituent elements.

Question 8

Which element is present in the highest percentage in the human body (including water)?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O)

Question 9

A student claims that all elements are equally important for human health because they are all present in the body. Which of the following best refutes this claim?

Accepted Answer

Some elements are present only as trace elements and are required in very small amounts.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why hydrogen peroxide ($$\mathrm{H_2O_2}) $$and water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) $$have different properties?

Accepted Answer

They have different ratios of hydrogen to oxygen atoms.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about elements and compounds?

Accepted Answer

Compounds are formed by combining two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

Question 12

If a scientist combines sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) in a laboratory, what type of substance will they produce?

Accepted Answer

A compound

Question 13

Which of the following best describes matter?

Accepted Answer

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

Question 14

Why is the concept of emergent properties important in biology?

Accepted Answer

It shows that new properties can arise when elements combine to form compounds.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a compound formed by a fixed ratio of elements?

Accepted Answer

Table salt ($$\mathrm{NaCl})$$

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with an iodine deficiency. Which category does iodine belong to in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Trace element

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between elements and compounds?

Accepted Answer

Compounds are made by combining elements in a fixed ratio.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding the elements found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass.

Question 19

If you have a sample of pure sodium and a sample of pure chlorine, what will happen if you combine them under the right conditions?

Accepted Answer

They will react to form sodium chloride, which has different properties from either element.

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of a compound?

Accepted Answer

A glass of water ($$\mathrm{H_2O})$$

Chemistry Basics for General Biology: Essential Concepts and Elements

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