Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Shannon Diversity Index ($$H') $$used in ecology?

Accepted Answer

It combines both species richness and the relative abundance of each species in a community.

Question 2

A forest community is composed of 5 tree species, with one species making up 80% of the individuals. Which term best describes this species?

Accepted Answer

Dominant species

Question 3

Why is high species diversity generally considered beneficial for a biological community?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the risk of the community collapsing due to disease or predation.

Question 4

Which of the following organisms is most likely to be considered a keystone species in a marine ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A predatory sea star that controls the population of mussels.

Question 5

In a food web, which trophic level is responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Producers

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the Shannon Diversity Index ($$H') $$for a community?

Accepted Answer

$$H' = -\sum_{i=1}^{S} p_i \log p_i$$

Question 7

A beaver builds dams that change the flow of a river, creating new habitats for other species. What ecological role does the beaver play?

Accepted Answer

Ecosystem engineer

Question 8

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of a keystone species?

Accepted Answer

A predator whose removal causes a dramatic change in community structure.

Question 9

In a community, the removal of which type of species is most likely to result in a significant loss of biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

Keystone species

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in a typical food chain?

Accepted Answer

From producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers

Question 11

A grassland ecosystem contains grasses, rabbits, snakes, and hawks. Which organism is a secondary consumer?

Accepted Answer

Snake

Question 12

If a community has high species richness but low evenness, what can be inferred about its diversity?

Accepted Answer

It has low overall diversity because most individuals belong to a few species.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of increased species diversity in a community?

Accepted Answer

Guaranteed presence of ecosystem engineers

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why ecosystem engineers are important in shaping community structure?

Accepted Answer

They modify the physical environment, creating new habitats for other species.

Question 15

A scientist calculates the Shannon Diversity Index for two communities. Community A has $$H' = 1.2$$ and Community B has $$H' = 2.5. $$What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Community B is more diverse than Community A.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a primary consumer in a terrestrial ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Rabbit

Question 17

If a disease wipes out the dominant species in a community, what is the most likely immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in overall abundance but possible increase in evenness

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of decomposers in a biological community?

Accepted Answer

They recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter.

Question 19

A community has 10 species, each with equal abundance. What is true about its species evenness?

Accepted Answer

Evenness is high.

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely increase the Shannon Diversity Index ($$H') of a $$community?

Accepted Answer

Adding new species with similar abundances to existing ones.

Community Ecology: Diversity, Trophic Structure, and Species Impact

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