Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a fungus living in the gut of a piglet, where both the fungus and the piglet benefit from each other's presence?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism

Question 2

A researcher observes that two species of barnacles can survive on the same rocky shore, but when both are present, one species is always found higher up the shore than the other. Which ecological concept best explains this pattern?

Accepted Answer

Competitive exclusion principle

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a defense mechanism against consumption that involves an organism resembling a non-living object?

Accepted Answer

A grasshopper with leaf-like wings

Question 4

In a community, the number of different species present is called species richness. If two communities have the same species richness but different relative abundances of each species, what is different between them?

Accepted Answer

Species diversity

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the logistic growth of a population, which is relevant when considering competition between two species?

Accepted Answer

$$dN \/ dt = rN \left(1 - \frac{N}{K}\right)$$

Question 6

A species of bird feeds on insects that are found on the backs of large mammals. The mammals are unaffected by the birds' presence. What type of species interaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Commensalism

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the realized niche of a species?

Accepted Answer

The actual set of conditions and resources used by a species, limited by interactions with other species

Question 8

In a food web, which of the following statements is correct regarding the flow of energy?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows from producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of intraspecific competition?

Accepted Answer

Two male deer fighting over a mate

Question 10

A coral provides shelter to photosynthetic algae, which in turn provide food to the coral. What type of interaction is this, and what is the likely effect of removing either species?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism; both species' fitness decreases

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a key attribute of community structure?

Accepted Answer

The genetic diversity within a single species

Question 12

A population of mice is introduced to an island with abundant food and no predators. Over time, the population grows rapidly, then levels off as resources become limited. Which population growth model best describes this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Logistic growth

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a consumption interaction?

Accepted Answer

A tapeworm living in the intestine of a dog

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why fundamental niches are often broader than realized niches?

Accepted Answer

Species interactions such as competition restrict the realized niche

Question 15

A group of gazelles forms a large herd to reduce the risk of predation. What type of defense mechanism is this?

Accepted Answer

Schooling/flocking

Question 16

If two species have overlapping niches and compete for the same resources, what is the most likely long-term outcome according to the competitive exclusion principle?

Accepted Answer

One species will outcompete and exclude the other

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of a food web?

Accepted Answer

A network of interconnected food chains showing multiple species at each trophic level

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of removing a keystone species from a community?

Accepted Answer

A significant decrease in species diversity

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between species richness and species diversity?

Accepted Answer

Species richness is the number of species, while species diversity incorporates both the number of species and their relative abundances

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of mutualism in a real-world context?

Accepted Answer

Bees pollinating flowers while obtaining nectar

Community Ecology: Species Interactions and Community Structure

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