$$\text{Relative Abundance} = \frac{\text{Number of individuals of species}}{\text{Total number of individuals in community}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a biological community?

Accepted Answer

All the organisms inhabiting a particular area.

Question 2

Which type of symbiotic relationship is illustrated by barnacles hitching a ride on the skin of a whale?

Accepted Answer

Commensalism

Question 3

In mutualism, both species benefit. Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Lichens formed by fungi and algae living together

Question 4

Which equation best represents the transfer of energy between trophic levels in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{n+1} = E_n 	imes 0.1$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of interspecific interactions in a community?

Accepted Answer

Increased population size of all species involved

Question 6

A parasitic plant absorbs sugar and minerals from its host. Which term best describes this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Parasitism

Question 7

Which of the following is a real-world example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in the roots of legumes

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why chemical defenses are widespread among prey species?

Accepted Answer

They provide protection against being eaten.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a trophic cascade in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Removal of top predators leading to an increase in herbivore populations and a decrease in plant biomass.

Question 10

Which formula would you use to calculate the relative abundance of a species in a community?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Relative Abundance} = \frac{	ext{Number of individuals of species}}{	ext{Total number of individuals in community}}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of a keystone species in a community?

Accepted Answer

A species that has a disproportionate impact on community structure and diversity.

Question 12

Which of the following is a likely consequence of introducing an invasive species into a community?

Accepted Answer

Devastation of native species and disruption of community dynamics.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes commensalism?

Accepted Answer

One species benefits, the other is unaffected.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a biogeochemical cycle?

Accepted Answer

The cycling of iron between soil, water, and organisms.

Question 15

Which equation would you use to estimate the amount of energy available to the next trophic level if the current level has 5000 kcal?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{n+1} = 5000 	imes 0.1 = 500$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a defense mechanism that prey may use against predators?

Accepted Answer

Chemical defenses

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between Acacia trees and ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely effect of disturbance in a biological community?

Accepted Answer

It can alter community structure and promote succession.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about food webs?

Accepted Answer

They interconnect multiple food chains within a community.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of parasitism?

Accepted Answer

Tapeworms living in the intestines of mammals

Community Structure and Dynamics: Symbiosis and Interspecific Interactions

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제