Question 1

In prokaryotic cells, where does transcription and translation occur?

Accepted Answer

Both transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes post-transcriptional modifications in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They are minimal or absent because prokaryotic mRNA is often translated immediately after transcription.

Question 3

In eukaryotic cells, which process occurs in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and post-transcriptional modifications

Question 4

Which of the following is a post-transcriptional modification that occurs in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and poly-A tail to mRNA

Question 5

Why is translation able to begin before transcription is complete in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Because both processes occur in the cytoplasm and there is no compartmentalization.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a post-translational modification?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a poly-A tail to mRNA

Question 7

A mutation prevents the addition of a 5' cap to mRNA in eukaryotes. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be rapidly degraded and translation will be impaired.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 9

In eukaryotes, which cellular structure is responsible for translation?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 10

Which of the following statements about post-translational modifications is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They can affect protein folding, stability, and activity.

Question 11

A scientist discovers a new organism with transcription and translation occurring in the same compartment. Which type of cell is this organism most likely to have?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic

Question 12

Which process is NOT applicable in prokaryotes and why?

Accepted Answer

Post-transcriptional modification, because prokaryotes lack a nucleus and their mRNA is translated immediately.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic mRNA must be processed before translation?

Accepted Answer

To remove introns and add protective modifications for stability and export.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of a post-translational modification affecting human health?

Accepted Answer

Improper glycosylation of insulin leading to diabetes.

Question 15

Which step in gene expression is unique to eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Splicing of pre-mRNA to remove introns

Question 16

A researcher observes that a protein is not functional until a phosphate group is added. What type of modification is this?

Accepted Answer

Post-translational modification

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription $$\rightarrow$$ post-transcriptional modification $$\rightarrow$$ translation $$\rightarrow$$ post-translational modification

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of the compartmentalization of transcription and translation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

mRNA can be extensively modified before translation.

Question 19

Which process is responsible for the removal of introns from pre-mRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Question 20

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins. Which process is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Post-translational modification

Comparison of Gene Expression Processes in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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