Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances, producing hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which of the following statements is most accurate about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a eukaryotic plant cell, as only plant cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

A large surface area to volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials across the plasma membrane.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the structure of the chloroplast is correct?

Accepted Answer

The thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll and are the site of the light-dependent reactions.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of protein synthesis for proteins destined for secretion or membrane insertion.

Question 7

Which of the following is a non-membrane bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, enables cell movement, and assists in intracellular transport.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about cell membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cell membranes are dynamic and fluid, allowing lateral movement of lipids and proteins.

Question 10

Which of the following is the major electrogenic pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump ($$ \mathrm{Na^+/K^+} -$$ATPase)

Question 11

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs large particles or other cells by wrapping its membrane around them, forming a food vacuole.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of membrane glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

They serve as recognition sites for cell-cell interactions.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides immediate energy for cellular work by transferring a phosphate group to other molecules.

Question 15

Which process removes a phosphate group from ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 16

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$ \mathrm{O_2$} )$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The movement of protons ($$ \mathrm{H^+} ) $$down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase to generate ATP.

Question 18

In photosynthesis, where do the light-dependent reactions (photophosphorylation) occur?

Accepted Answer

In the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast

Question 19

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 20

How many molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) are required to produce one molecule of glucose in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

6

Comprehensive Study Guidance for General Biology Exam (Chapters 6–10)

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제