Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP couples exergonic and endergonic reactions by transferring a phosphate group.

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 3

A chemical reaction has a $$\Delta G \u003c 0. $$What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is exergonic and will proceed spontaneously.

Question 4

Which of the following is a real-life example of energy coupling in cells?

Accepted Answer

The use of ATP hydrolysis to drive the active transport of sodium ions across a membrane.

Question 5

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into which of the following products?

Accepted Answer

2 molecules of pyruvate

Question 6

Which statement best explains why enzymes are necessary for metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_a) $$required for reactions to proceed.

Question 7

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

The movement of protons ($$H^+) $$down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase to generate ATP.

Question 9

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows glycolysis to continue in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the second law of thermodynamics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Transfers electrons from food molecules to the electron transport chain.

Question 12

A plant closes its stomata on a hot, dry day. What is a likely consequence for its metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Photorespiration increases as rubisco incorporates O$$_2$$ instead of CO$$_2.$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why metabolism in living cells is never at equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Cells are open systems with a constant flow of materials, preventing equilibrium.

Question 14

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the green color of plants and is the main pigment in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 15

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, what is the primary role of water?

Accepted Answer

To provide electrons to photosystem II by being split.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between cyclic and non-cyclic electron flow in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Cyclic flow involves only photosystem I and produces ATP but not NADPH or O$$_2.$$

Question 17

A patient is exposed to a toxin that inhibits ATP synthase in mitochondria. Which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Protons would accumulate in the intermembrane space, but ATP production would decrease.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway binding to an enzyme early in the pathway to inhibit its activity.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of rubisco in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the fixation of CO$$_2 to $$ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).

Question 20

A researcher is studying a mutant plant that cannot produce carotenoids. Which of the following is a likely consequence for the plant?

Accepted Answer

The plant will be more susceptible to damage from excess light energy.

Energetics & Metabolism: Transfer & Transformations of Energy

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