Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy due to an object's location or structure.

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 3

A chemical reaction has a change in free energy $$\Delta G = -15\ \mathrm{kJ/mol}. $$Which of the following best describes this reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is an exergonic reaction and occurs spontaneously.

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between free energy, enthalpy, entropy, and temperature?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP contains high-energy phosphate bonds that, when broken, release energy to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 6

A scientist adds an enzyme to a reaction and observes that the reaction rate increases. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme lowers the activation energy ($$E_a) $$required for the reaction to proceed.

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios describes energy coupling in a cell?

Accepted Answer

An exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction via ATP hydrolysis.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the effect of a competitive inhibitor on an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the active site, preventing the substrate from binding.

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that causes their enzymes to denature at normal body temperature. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Their enzymes have an optimal temperature lower than normal body temperature.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about metabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds.

Question 11

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, releasing energy. Which type of metabolic pathway does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathway

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the induced fit model of enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape slightly to better fit the substrate after binding.

Question 13

A reaction has $$\Delta H = -20\ \mathrm{kJ/mol}$$, $$\Delta S = -0.05\ \mathrm{kJ/(mol\cdot K)}$$, and occurs at $$T = 300\ K. $$What is $$\Delta G$$ for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = -20\ \mathrm{kJ/mol} - (300\ K 	imes -0.05\ \mathrm{kJ/(mol\cdot K)}) = -20\ \mathrm{kJ/mol} + 15\ \mathrm{kJ/mol} = -5\ \mathrm{kJ/mol}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a way that enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_a) of a $$reaction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the free energy change ($$\Delta G) of $$the reaction

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why high fevers can be dangerous to human health at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

High temperatures can denature enzymes, causing them to lose their functional shape.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about ATP hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy that can be used to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 17

A researcher finds that an enzyme works best at pH 2. Which of the following is most likely the enzyme's function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a digestive enzyme in the stomach, such as pepsin.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of a noncompetitive inhibitor on an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

It binds to a different site, causing the enzyme to change shape and reducing its activity.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis synthesizing glucose from carbon dioxide and water

Chapter 6: Energy and Metabolism: Laws of Thermodynamics, Free Energy, ATP, and Enzymes

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