Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as molecules moving, while potential energy is stored energy, such as energy in chemical bonds.

Question 2

Thermal energy in biological systems is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy because it results from the movement of particles.

Question 3

Which statement accurately summarizes the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Question 4

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe.

Question 5

Which of the following reactions is exergonic?

Accepted Answer

A reaction where $$\Delta G \u003c 0$$ and energy is released.

Question 6

In a free energy diagram, which feature distinguishes an endergonic reaction from an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The products have higher free energy than the reactants in endergonic reactions.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = G_{products} - G_{reactants}$$

Question 8

Metabolism in living organisms is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

All chemical reactions that occur within a cell, including both anabolic and catabolic pathways.

Question 9

Energy coupling in cells refers to:

Accepted Answer

The use of energy from exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 10

What does ATP stand for?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 11

Which structural feature of ATP is critical for its role in cellular work?

Accepted Answer

Its three phosphate groups, which are linked by high-energy bonds.

Question 12

How does ATP perform cellular work?

Accepted Answer

By transferring a phosphate group to another molecule, changing its shape and activity.

Question 13

Which equation best represents the ATP cycle in cells?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP \leftrightarrow ADP + P_i$$

Question 14

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 15

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:

Accepted Answer

Lowering the activation energy required for the reaction.

Question 16

Which of the following factors does NOT affect enzymatic activity?

Accepted Answer

The color of the enzyme

Question 17

A patient has a fever of 40°C. How might this affect the activity of enzymes in their body?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity may decrease because high temperatures can denature enzymes.

Question 18

If a cell needs to drive an endergonic reaction, which of the following strategies is most likely to be used?

Accepted Answer

Couple the reaction with the hydrolysis of ATP.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of energy coupling in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Using the energy released from glucose breakdown to synthesize ATP.

Question 20

A scientist measures the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction at different substrate concentrations. Which graph would best represent the relationship between substrate concentration and reaction rate?

Accepted Answer

A curve that rises quickly and then levels off as the enzyme becomes saturated.

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzyme Function in Biological Systems

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