$$3 \times \alpha$$ chains \rightarrow$$ triple helix$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is the boundary between the inside and outside of the cell, controlling what enters and leaves.

Question 2

Which component is primarily responsible for the hydrophobicity and adhesiveness of the fungal cell wall's outer layer?

Accepted Answer

Mannoproteins

Question 3

A patient with scurvy is suffering from a deficiency in which extracellular matrix protein, and what is the biochemical reason for this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Collagen; impaired hydroxylation of proline due to vitamin C deficiency

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a main component of the animal cell extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 5

Fungal cell walls contain chitin, which is chemically similar to which structure in animals?

Accepted Answer

Exoskeletons of arthropods

Question 6

Which molecule attaches various components of the animal ECM to integrins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Fibronectin

Question 7

A mutation prevents the hydroxylation of proline in collagen. What is the most likely consequence for the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers will be weaker, compromising tissue strength.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the fungal cell wall is considered highly complex?

Accepted Answer

It contains multiple layers and a variety of polymers such as chitin, mannoproteins, and $$eta-$$glucans.

Question 9

Which equation best represents the triple helix structure of procollagen found in the animal ECM?

Accepted Answer

$$3 	imes \alpha$$ chains ightarrow$$ triple helix$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and mediates cell signaling.

Question 11

A researcher is studying the effect of removing $$eta-$$glucans from the fungal cell wall. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The structural integrity of the cell wall will be compromised.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between the exteriors of animal and fungal cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells have an ECM composed of proteins like collagen and elastin, while fungal cells have a cell wall composed of chitin and $$eta-$$glucans.

Question 13

Which of the following is a specialized component of the animal ECM that is important for joint lubrication?

Accepted Answer

Hyaluronan

Question 14

Which process is required for the export of ECM components outside the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport via vesicles

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why fibronectin is important in the animal ECM?

Accepted Answer

It connects ECM components to integrins, facilitating cell adhesion and signaling.

Question 16

A fungal cell is treated with an enzyme that degrades chitin. What is the most likely effect on the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall will become weaker and more susceptible to environmental stress.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the evolution of major eukaryotic cell exteriors?

Accepted Answer

Diatoms → Fungi → Animals

Question 18

Which of the following is a main function of chondroitin in the animal ECM?

Accepted Answer

It contributes to the compressive strength of cartilage.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of polymers in the fungal cell wall?

Accepted Answer

A complex arrangement of several classes of polymers including chitin, mannoproteins, and $$eta-$$glucans

Question 20

Which vitamin is essential for the hydroxylation of proline in collagen synthesis, and what is the relevant chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C; $$	ext{Proline} + 	ext{O}_2 + 	ext{Vitamin C} ightarrow 	ext{Hydroxyproline}$$

Eukaryotic Cell Exteriors: Structure and Function

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