Question 1

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for resisting tension (pulling forces) within animal cells, and what is its main protein subunit?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments; keratin

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a network of fibers just beneath the plasma membrane that can rapidly grow and shrink. These fibers are involved in cell crawling and cytokinesis. Which cytoskeletal element is being described?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 3

During muscle contraction, which molecular interaction is directly responsible for the sliding of filaments within the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Myosin heads binding to actin filaments

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and contains enzymes for lipid-processing reactions?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

A mutation disrupts the function of kinesin in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Vesicle transport along microtubules

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of microtubules in a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum?

Accepted Answer

A '9 + 2' arrangement of microtubules

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP that powers motor proteins such as kinesin and dynein?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP \rightarrow ADP + P_i$$

Question 8

A cell is unable to complete cytokinesis during division. Which cytoskeletal element is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 9

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is responsible for digestion and recycling within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

What is the primary function of the nuclear lamina, and which cytoskeletal element is it composed of?

Accepted Answer

Structural support for the nucleus; intermediate filaments

Question 11

Which process is directly powered by dynein motor proteins moving along microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Bending of cilia and flagella

Question 12

A cell is observed to have defective chromosome segregation during mitosis. Which cytoskeletal element is most likely involved in this defect?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why microtubules are considered 'dynamic' structures?

Accepted Answer

They can grow and shrink by adding or removing tubulin dimers at their ends

Question 14

Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins destined for secretion or for the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting keratin production. Which tissue would most likely show symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Skin tissue

Question 16

Which cytoskeletal element forms tracks for vesicle transport and is essential for the movement of organelles within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of actin filaments?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome segregation during mitosis

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for processing and packaging proteins for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in the formation of the contractile ring during animal cell cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the centrosome in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It organizes microtubules and contains centrioles

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and the Cytoskeleton: Structure and Function

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