Question 1

Which of the following best describes convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

A trait that arises independently in two different species due to similar environmental pressures.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a trait to be subject to evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The trait must be present in only one individual.

Question 3

A scientist observes that dolphins and sharks both have streamlined bodies for swimming, but their last common ancestor did not. This similarity is best explained by:

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution

Question 4

Which of the following statements about natural selection is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection acts on populations, not individuals.

Question 5

A population of beetles shows variation in shell color. Birds preferentially eat the lighter-colored beetles, and shell color is heritable. Over time, the population becomes darker. Which evolutionary process is primarily responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 6

Which of the following best defines a homologous trait?

Accepted Answer

A trait shared by two species because they inherited it from a common ancestor.

Question 7

Which of the following equations best represents the concept of evolution as a change in a population’s gene pool over time?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta p = p_{t+1} - p_t$$

Question 8

In a population of rabbits, ear length is a heritable trait. If longer ears increase survival in a hot environment, what will likely happen to the average ear length in the population over several generations?

Accepted Answer

The average ear length will increase.

Question 9

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the 'struggle for existence' as described in evolutionary theory?

Accepted Answer

Many fish produce thousands of eggs, but only a few survive to adulthood.

Question 10

A biologist is constructing a phylogenetic tree. What does a branchpoint (node) on this tree represent?

Accepted Answer

The most recent common ancestor of the descendant lineages.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about evolution is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is a change in an individual’s traits during its lifetime.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the pattern of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Descent with modification and divergence from ancestors.

Question 13

If a trait is not heritable, what is the expected outcome for that trait in the next generation?

Accepted Answer

The trait will not be passed on to offspring.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a lineage in evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of species leading from ancient fish to modern amphibians.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why evolution by natural selection is described as 'just math'?

Accepted Answer

It involves quantifying changes in trait frequencies over generations.

Question 16

A population of plants has a heritable trait for flower color. If red flowers attract more pollinators and produce more seeds, what will happen to the frequency of the red flower allele over time?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of the red flower allele will increase.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a trait that is both variable and heritable in humans?

Accepted Answer

Blood type

Question 18

Which of the following best describes what happens as lineages evolve through time?

Accepted Answer

They become more different from their common ancestor.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a trait that is NOT heritable?

Accepted Answer

A scar acquired from an injury.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why more modification in traits results in more divergence between two species?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of differences over time leads to increased divergence.

Evolution and Natural Selection: Key Concepts and Processes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드