Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven key characteristics of living things as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Ability to move independently

Question 2

Which statement best describes the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs build up molecules using energy from sunlight or chemicals, while heterotrophs break down organic molecules for energy.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists the hierarchy of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atoms → Molecules → Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organisms → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere

Question 4

A scientist observes that people tend to catch colds when others around them are sick. She hypothesizes that colds are infectious. What type of reasoning is she using?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct format for writing a species name using binomial nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

Genus species (italicized or underlined)

Question 6

Which domain includes organisms that are unicellular, lack a nucleus, and often live in extreme environments?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a controlled variable in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

A variable that remains constant throughout the experiment

Question 8

If a scientist sets up an experiment to test the effect of pH on enzyme activity, which is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

pH

Question 9

Which of the following statements about scientific theories is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A theory is broader in scope than a hypothesis and is supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes Darwin’s concept of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Question 11

Which of the following is a limitation of science according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Science cannot restore extinct species.

Question 12

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of living matter?

Accepted Answer

Carbon (C)

Question 13

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms.

Question 14

Which type of chemical bond is responsible for the unique properties of water, such as cohesion and surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 15

What is the correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why carbon can form such a wide variety of compounds?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 17

A radioactive isotope emits a beta particle. What is the nature of this particle?

Accepted Answer

An electron emitted from the nucleus

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about valence electrons?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons are responsible for chemical reactions.

Question 19

Which property of water allows it to move upward through the roots and stems of plants?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion and adhesion

Question 20

Which of the following is the weakest type of chemical interaction?

Accepted Answer

Van der Waals interaction

Foundations of General Biology: Properties of Life, Classification, Scientific Method, and Chemistry of Life

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