Question 1

Which of the following best describes the property of homeostasis in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

The ability to regulate internal conditions such as body temperature despite changes in the external environment.

Question 2

A scientist observes that finches on one Galapagos island have deeper, brittle beaks, while those on another island have shorter, stronger beaks. According to Darwin’s theory, what is the most likely explanation for this difference?

Accepted Answer

The beak differences are a result of evolutionary adaptation to different food sources on each island.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an organism processing hereditary information?

Accepted Answer

A cell using information encoded in its DNA to synthesize proteins.

Question 4

In a controlled experiment testing the effect of a new drug on blood pressure, which variable is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The dosage of the new drug administered to participants.

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of energy processing in living things?

Accepted Answer

A plant converting sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis: $$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the five unifying themes of life?

Accepted Answer

Reproduction

Question 7

A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable. Which of the following statements is a valid scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

If plants are given more sunlight, then they will grow taller.

Question 8

Which domain includes organisms that are single-celled and often live in extreme environments?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A general explanation supported by a large body of evidence and capable of generating many testable hypotheses.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning in biology?

Accepted Answer

Starting from the principle that all cells come from pre-existing cells and predicting that a new cell observed under a microscope must have arisen from another cell.

Question 11

A scientist wants to test whether fish oil reduces heart attacks. She divides participants into two groups: one receives fish oil, the other does not. What is the experimental group?

Accepted Answer

The group that receives fish oil.

Question 12

Which of the following best represents the hierarchical organization of life from largest to smallest?

Accepted Answer

Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of evolutionary adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Finches developing different beak shapes to exploit different food sources on the Galapagos Islands.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the scientific method is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis can be supported by evidence but never proven.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an organism interacting with its environment?

Accepted Answer

A Venus flytrap closing its leaves when it senses prey.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for water?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a property shared by all living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to grow and develop.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an organelle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between control and experimental groups in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

The experimental group receives the treatment, while the control group does not.

Question 20

Which of the following is a dependent variable in an experiment testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth?

Accepted Answer

The height of the plants measured after treatment.

Foundations of General Biology: Properties, Organization, and Scientific Method

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