Question 1

Which of the following best describes a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A testable explanation for a set of observations based on inductive reasoning.

Question 2

Which step in the scientific method directly tests the validity of a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Experimentation

Question 3

A scientist observes that a plant grows faster in sunlight than in shade. She hypothesizes that light intensity affects plant growth. Which of the following is the best way to test her hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Grow plants under varying light intensities while keeping other variables constant.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic common to all living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 5

Which equation best represents the process of energy processing in plants?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 6

Which statement correctly distinguishes a theory from a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A theory is broader in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 7

Which domain includes organisms that are prokaryotic and can live in extreme environments?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 8

A student claims that all scientific hypotheses can be proven true. Which statement best addresses this misconception?

Accepted Answer

Hypotheses can be supported by evidence, but can never be proven true beyond all doubt.

Question 9

Which of the following is a property shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of evolutionary adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A dolphin developing a streamlined body for swimming.

Question 12

Which process is described by the equation $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 13

A scientist wants to test the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Which of the following is the best experimental design?

Accepted Answer

Change temperature while keeping all other variables constant.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about scientific theories is correct?

Accepted Answer

Theories are supported by a large body of evidence and can lead to hypotheses.

Question 15

Which domain includes all multicellular organisms with membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT addressed by scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

Supernatural phenomena

Question 17

A researcher wants to study the effect of fertilizer on plant growth. Which variable should be kept constant to ensure a valid experiment?

Accepted Answer

Type of plant

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of evolution?

Accepted Answer

The process by which species accumulate differences from their ancestors over time.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic, while Eukarya is eukaryotic.

Question 20

Which property of life is illustrated by a tadpole turning into a frog?

Accepted Answer

Growth and development

Foundations of General Biology: Scientific Method, Characteristics of Life, and Cell Types

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