Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to form crystals

Question 2

Which level of biological organization is defined as all organisms living in an ecosystem, excluding nonliving components?

Accepted Answer

Community

Question 3

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, the other does not. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Application of fertilizer

Question 4

Which statement best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat compared to other substances?

Accepted Answer

Water forms many hydrogen bonds

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log [H^+]$$

Question 7

A molecule of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct example of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Two hydrogen atoms sharing electrons to form $$H_2$$

Question 9

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion due to hydrogen bonding

Question 10

Which of the following statements about natural selection is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection results in unequal reproductive success based on inherited traits

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A substance that minimizes changes in $$H^+$$ and $$OH^-$$ concentrations by donating or accepting $$H^+$$ ions

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of a hypothesis in scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a well-framed question that can be tested

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Carbon-12 and Carbon-14, which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Serves as a major component of fossil fuels

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monomer and a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A monomer is an individual molecular unit; a polymer is made of many monomers linked together

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a functional group and its effect on a molecule?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group can transfer energy between molecules, as in ATP

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya includes the kingdoms Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

Manipulating the gene for knockout mice and comparing them to normal mice

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the concept of electronegativity in covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Electronegativity is the attraction of a given atom for the electrons in a covalent bond

Question 20

Which of the following chemical equations correctly represents the process of ocean acidification?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3$$

Foundations of General Biology: Structure, Organization, and Chemical Principles

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