Question 1

Which functional group is responsible for the sour taste of vinegar and acts as an acid by donating a proton in aqueous solutions?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 2

A mutation causes a cysteine residue in a protein to be replaced by serine. Which property of the protein is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Formation of disulfide bridges that stabilize protein structure

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why estradiol and testosterone have different effects in the body, despite having similar carbon skeletons?

Accepted Answer

They have different arrangements of functional groups attached to their carbon skeletons.

Question 4

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 5

A molecule contains both a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group. Which of the following is true about its chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

It may be an organic acid if the groups are adjacent.

Question 6

Which functional group is NOT considered chemically reactive and is often involved in regulating gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($$-CH_3$)

Question 7

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is known as the energy currency of the cell. Which functional group in ATP is directly involved in energy release during hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-$$OPO_3$$^{2-})$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the carboxyl group is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a charged group and acts as an acid in aqueous solutions.

Question 9

A molecule with a phosphate group attached is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Carry a negative charge and participate in energy transfer reactions

Question 10

Which functional group is most likely to form hydrogen bonds with water, increasing a molecule's solubility?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct match between a functional group and its compound name?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group — Alcohol

Question 12

Which functional group is found in cysteine and is important for stabilizing protein structure through cross-linking?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$-SH)$$

Question 13

Which of the following functional groups is polar but NOT charged at physiological pH?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 14

A molecule with a carbonyl group at the end of its carbon skeleton is classified as:

Accepted Answer

An aldehyde

Question 15

Which functional group is most likely to be found in molecules that act as bases, accepting protons from the environment?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a functional group commonly involved in chemical reactions in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($$-CH_3$)

Question 17

Which functional group is most likely to be involved in the transfer of energy within cells, such as in ATP?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-$$OPO_3$$^{2-})$$

Question 18

Which functional group is most likely to be found in organic acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 19

Which of the following functional groups is nonpolar and hydrophobic, often affecting the shape and function of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($$-CH_3$)

Question 20

Which functional group is present in both ketones and aldehydes, and is characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group ($$\u003eC=O)$$

Functional Groups and Chemical Groups in Organic Molecules

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