Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes a complementary mRNA strand from a DNA template.

Question 2

During mRNA processing in eukaryotic cells, which of the following modifications occurs at the 3' end of the pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a poly-A tail

Question 3

A mutation causes the removal of the promoter region from a gene. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase will not bind, and transcription will not initiate.

Question 4

Which sequence in mRNA signals the start of translation, and which amino acid does it code for?

Accepted Answer

AUG; methionine

Question 5

What is the function of the spliceosome during mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

It removes introns and joins exons together.

Question 6

A scientist observes that a cell's mRNA degrades rapidly before it can be translated. Which processing step is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Addition of the poly-A tail

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the tRNA anticodon to the mRNA codon for the start of translation?

Accepted Answer

Anticodon UAC pairs with codon AUG

Question 8

During translation, which site in the ribosome does the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA first bind to?

Accepted Answer

A site (amino acid site)

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It facilitates the binding of tRNA to mRNA during translation.

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a mutation that introduces a premature stop codon (UAG) in the middle of a gene. What is the most likely effect on the protein product?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be truncated and likely nonfunctional.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why not all DNA sequences in a gene are translated into protein?

Accepted Answer

Introns are removed during mRNA processing and do not code for protein.

Question 12

If a ribosome encounters the mRNA sequence 5'-UAA-3', what will happen?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate because UAA is a stop codon.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about gene expression is correct?

Accepted Answer

A gene is considered expressed when its protein product is made and functioning in the cell.

Question 14

A researcher is studying a protein that is secreted from pancreatic cells into the bloodstream. Which of the following best explains how the cell knows to secrete this protein?

Accepted Answer

The first few amino acids in the polypeptide act as a signal for secretion.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA ightarrow mRNA ightarrow 	ext{protein}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of mRNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

mRNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a defect in the ribosomal P site. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why multiple ribosomes can translate a single mRNA molecule simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes can attach to the same mRNA at different points, forming a polysome.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of DNA and mRNA bases during transcription?

Accepted Answer

DNA base A pairs with mRNA base U

Question 20

A mutation prevents the addition of the 5' cap to mRNA. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The ribosome will not recognize where to begin translation.

Gene Expression: From DNA to Protein (Molecular Biology of the Gene)

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