$$3'\text{–}UACGCA\text{–}5'$$

Question 1

Which process directly converts the information in a gene into a functional polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 2

During transcription, which enzyme synthesizes RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

Question 4

A mutation changes a codon from $$\mathrm{GAA} to$$ $$\mathrm{GAG}. $$Both codons code for glutamic acid. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 5

Which type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 6

What is the function of intron splicing in eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

It removes non-coding regions from pre-mRNA.

Question 7

Which sequence of events correctly describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → translation → protein folding

Question 8

Alternative splicing of mRNA transcripts allows for:

Accepted Answer

The production of multiple proteins from a single gene

Question 9

Which of the following codons is a start codon for translation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{AUG}$$

Question 10

A mutation in the BRCA1 gene increases the risk of which disease due to its role in DNA repair?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 12

What is the consequence of a frameshift mutation caused by the insertion of a single nucleotide in a coding region?

Accepted Answer

The reading frame of the mRNA is altered, potentially changing all downstream amino acids.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Carrying genetic code for proteins

Question 14

Which chemical bond links amino acids together in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 15

In eukaryotes, where does mRNA processing (such as splicing) occur?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of chaperone proteins in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

They assist in the proper folding of newly synthesized polypeptides.

Question 17

If a DNA template strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{–}ATGCGT	ext{–}3'$$, what is the sequence of the complementary RNA produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{–}UACGCA	ext{–}5'$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about gene dosage compensation in female mammals is correct?

Accepted Answer

One X chromosome is randomly inactivated in each cell, creating a genetic mosaic.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of a nonsense mutation in a gene encoding a critical enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme is truncated and likely nonfunctional, potentially leading to disease.

Question 20

Which process ensures that only exons are included in the mature mRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Intron splicing

Gene Expression: From DNA to Protein

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