Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy?

Accepted Answer

Ingesting materials

Question 2

The resemblance between choanoflagellates and the collar cells of sponges supports which evolutionary inference?

Accepted Answer

Choanoflagellates and sponges are sister groups

Question 3

While observing an animal embryo under a microscope, which test would best help you determine if it is a protostome or deuterostome?

Accepted Answer

Exhibits spiral cleavage or radial cleavage

Question 4

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal?

Accepted Answer

Coelomates have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates have mesenteries that hold the digestive system in place

Question 5

Which observation would best support the hypothesis that a newly discovered worm-like animal is a nematode (an ecdysozoan)?

Accepted Answer

It sheds its cuticle periodically

Question 6

The evolution of different types of insect metamorphosis is most directly related to changes in which genetic mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Changes in the homeobox (Hox) genes governing early development

Question 7

During embryonic development, which feature would indicate you are observing a protostome and not a deuterostome?

Accepted Answer

You see a mouth, but not an anus

Question 8

Which feature is characteristic of the tube-within-a-tube body plan in most animal phyla?

Accepted Answer

The mouth and anus form the ends of the inner tube

Question 9

Bilaterians are distinguished by which type of symmetry?

Accepted Answer

Mirror symmetry that results in a distinct head and tail with one plane of symmetry

Question 10

Suppose a pest-control chemical inhibits the development of endodermal cells in a mosquito embryo. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The mosquito would have trouble digesting food, due to impaired gut function

Question 11

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because:

Accepted Answer

Its cells are separated from each other by a unique extracellular matrix

Question 12

A student examines a kidney tubule under a microscope. The tissue is composed of a single layer of cube-shaped cells. How should this tissue be named?

Accepted Answer

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an effector's role in homeostatic responses?

Accepted Answer

An increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering in a stationary animal

Question 14

What is an advantage for an animal that conforms to a changing environmental condition, such as temperature?

Accepted Answer

The animal would spend less energy regulating its internal temperature

Question 15

Leaf thickness in plants represents a trade-off between:

Accepted Answer

Water retention and carbon dioxide absorption

Question 16

In a Saguaro cactus, the large central trunks are modified ___ used for water storage, and the spines are modified ___ used for protection.

Accepted Answer

Stems... leaves

Question 17

Which of the following correctly depicts the trend in water potential measurements in a soil-plant-atmosphere system under normal daylight conditions, assuming the cohesion-tension mechanism is operating?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{potential}_{	ext{atmosphere}} \u003c 	ext{potential}_{	ext{leaves}} \u003c 	ext{potential}_{	ext{roots}} \u003c 	ext{potential}_{	ext{soil}}$$

Question 18

Isolated plant cells with a water potential averaging $$0.5\ 	ext{MPa}$$ are placed into a solution with a water potential of $$0.3\ 	ext{MPa}. $$What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water would move out of the cells

Question 19

In plant roots, the Casparian strip functions to:

Accepted Answer

Ensure that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele

General Biology: Animal and Plant Structure, Function, and Development – Study Guide

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