Question 1

Which process is responsible for breaking down biological polymers into their monomers, such as proteins into amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell engulfing a bacterium and then fusing the resulting vesicle with a lysosome. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT made of repeating monomer units?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 4

If the carbonyl group on a linear sugar is external, what type of sugar is it?

Accepted Answer

An aldose

Question 5

Which statement is TRUE about both amylose and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is in plants and glycogen is in animals

Question 6

A trans fat cannot have which of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

Saturation

Question 7

Which amino acid is the most hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Glycine

Question 8

Which of the following is a motor protein that uses ATP to move along microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 9

A prokaryotic cell does NOT have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Question 10

The shape of the nucleus is maintained by which structure?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear lamina

Question 11

Which of the following changes membrane fluidity in BOTH directions depending on temperature?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 12

If you hydrogenate the fatty acid chains in the phospholipid bilayer, what effect does this have?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following molecules can pass through the cell membrane without a protein transporter?

Accepted Answer

Steroids

Question 14

A cell placed in a solution shrivels up. What type of solution was it placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 15

What kind of membrane protein is required to create a membrane gradient?

Accepted Answer

Pump protein

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a catabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Releases energy

Question 17

True or False: The first law of thermodynamics describes how the entropy of the universe is increasing.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S$$

Question 19

Enzymes catalyze reactions by:

Accepted Answer

Lowering the total activation energy needed

Question 20

Competitive inhibitors affect enzyme activity by:

Accepted Answer

Decreasing activity and binding to the active site

General Biology: Biomolecules, Cell Structure, and Membrane Function Study Notes

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