$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP, the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 3

Which process directly uses ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes duplicated?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

Which of the following is a product of the light reaction in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 6

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Make proteins

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease, which affects the breakdown of certain lipids. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Provides structure and movement for cells

Question 10

Which process occurs when water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Makes proteins

Question 12

A cell is observed to have a large number of peroxisomes. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen peroxide breakdown

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide to form glucose in the stroma.

Question 14

If a parent with genotype Bb mates with another parent with genotype Bb, what is the probability that their child will show the dominant trait?

Accepted Answer

75%

Question 15

Which of the following is true about fermentation?

Accepted Answer

It produces lactic acid or ethanol and ATP.

Question 16

Which structure packages, modifies, and ships proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Which phase of the cell cycle is the longest and involves cell growth and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of binary fission?

Accepted Answer

It involves the division of a single circular chromosome.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of the reduction reaction in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NADH is produced from NAD$$^+$$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about sister chromatids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are joined at the centromere and are identical copies of each other.

General Biology: Cell Structure, Function, and Processes Study Guide

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