Q: A scientist is studying the movement of secreted proteins through the endomembrane system. What is the correct order of organelles and membranes that a secreted protein passes through?

$$\text{rough endoplasmic reticulum} \rightarrow \text{Golgi apparatus} \rightarrow \text{plasma membrane}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions.

Question 2

A researcher wants to visualize the detailed internal structure of mitochondria. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy

Question 3

Which of the following is a major factor that limits cell size?

Accepted Answer

The need for a large surface area to support the cell's metabolic functions

Question 4

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Proteins destined for secretion are not being synthesized if ribosomes are not present on the rough ER.

Question 5

A scientist is studying the movement of secreted proteins through the endomembrane system. What is the correct order of organelles and membranes that a secreted protein passes through?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{rough endoplasmic reticulum} ightarrow 	ext{Golgi apparatus} ightarrow 	ext{plasma membrane}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They break down macromolecules and recycle cellular components.

Question 7

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 8

Which of the following would most likely increase the fluidity of a cell membrane at low temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the proportion of phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid tails

Question 9

A researcher inserts a fluorescent tag into a membrane protein on a living cell. Over time, the tag diffuses throughout the membrane. What feature of the fluid-mosaic model best explains this result?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is fluid, allowing proteins to move laterally within the lipid bilayer.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about selective permeability of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It follows selective permeability based on size and polarity.

Question 11

A patient is given a large amount of distilled water intravenously. What is the most probable result of this transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will burst because the blood becomes hypotonic compared to the cells.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary transport uses ATP directly; secondary uses ATP indirectly via ion gradients.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a form of potential energy that can be used by a cell?

Accepted Answer

Heat

Question 14

According to the laws of thermodynamics, which of the following is always true for energy transformations in living cells?

Accepted Answer

The entropy of the universe tends to increase.

Question 15

The chemical reaction $$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} is $$best described as:

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous

Question 16

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the free energy diagram shown below (assume a standard exergonic reaction)?

Accepted Answer

The reaction releases energy.

Question 17

A student draws an energy diagram indicating the uncatalyzed reaction with the solid line and the enzyme-catalyzed reaction with the dotted line. What should you conclude if the dotted line is above the solid line?

Accepted Answer

The student has reversed the labels of the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions, which cannot be sped up by catalysts.

Question 18

If a chemical reaction proceeds with a $$\Delta G of$$ $$-10$$ kcal/mol in the presence of enzymes, inhibiting half the enzyme with a noncompetitive inhibitor would result in a $$\Delta G of$$:

Accepted Answer

$$-10$$ kcal/mol

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane at low temperatures?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity.

Question 20

Which of the following is a property shared by both mitochondria and chloroplasts that supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They both contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

General Biology: Cell Structure, Membrane Dynamics, and Bioenergetics Study Guide

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